【馬永康】智與“人性進化”——論康有為甜心一包養網對智的晉陞

【Content Summary】 Traditional Confucianism is important to treat wisdom from a moral perspective, resulting in the recognition and creation effectiveness of wisdom being unfairly valued. Kang You systematizes wisdom as the power of “evolving human nature”, which highlights the creation and influence of wisdom. In terms of value concepts, he established the distinction between humans and birds in wisdom from the perspective of the development of “human nature”, and then reorganized the traditional Confucian morality, opposed the “four ends of benevolence” of Confucianism in the Song and Ming dynasties, and proposed to benevolence as the value goal, and use wisdom as the power of “evolving human nature”. Based on this, he advocated the development of intelligence in modern times to fight against the East, and emphasized wisdom and education in the common structure, and established rewards to avoid social regression. His system of intelligence has been transformed into a revolutionary reason for China’s development at that time. He used benevolence and wisdom to reform traditional Confucianism, so that Confucianism could value the dynamic influence of intelligence on the “evolution of human nature” in value concepts, which undoubtedly hit the lack of traditional Confucianism’s lack of social development dynamics.

【Keyword】Kang Youwei, wisdom, human nature, evolution

Traditional Confucianism focuses on morality, and knowledge serves morality, and does not pay much attention to the natural energy of intellectual reform. At the same time, in the pursuit of virtue, benevolence is the focus, wisdom helps benevolence, and importantly, judges the effect of long and short. In this field, intelligence is related to ethics and facts, and is looser in its connection with physics, resulting in the intellect’s recognition and creation effectiveness. Whether from the late Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, there were intellectual orientations such as Dai Zhen and Jiao Xun in Confucianism, but they were still confined to the moral field. In order to adopt this orientation, Kang Youyi carried out a systematic investigation on Zhi, which greatly demonstrated Zhi’s awareness creation and influence. According to his self-report, he first realized that the difference between humans and birds is wisdom, and determined the wisdom of the creation of wisdom to promote the “evolution of human nature”, and then reorganized the traditional Confucian morality system, and did not recognize the “four ends of benevolence and sect”, and proposed benevolence and wisdom, and fully valued wisdom in the fantasy structure of saving the country and the world. His intellectual wise mind in terms of value concepts and social politics has a clear modern color. However, he did not skip the foundation of traditional Confucianism, and still focused on benevolence, but sufficiently demonstrated wisdom. It was a trial of reforming traditional Confucianism to seek social development under the context of modern language 平台网 VIP.

Today, the academic community has made some useless explorations about Kang Youzhi’s efforts. He Jinyi specializes in the article to distinguish the connotation and source of Kang Youwei’s wisdom, and the learning of matter in the middle of intelligence. [1] Yu Zuhua, Wu Kang, Zhang Zhaojun, Li Huaqiang and others have either analyzed Kang You’s wisdom from the perspectives of “exploiting wisdom”, civilization transformation, modern transformation of Confucianism, and modern power requests. [2] These results are inspiring at a different level, such as mastering Kang Youyi’s new insights on intelligence and advocating intelligence, but they all use a three-dimensional method to develop, failing to follow his thinking structure, and to nourish his feelings, resulting in some judgments not being accurately specific. At the same time, due to differences in perspective, he failed to deeply understand his specific separation and integration with traditional Confucianism concepts, so he failed to fully demonstrate his efforts to reform Confucianism to adapt to the modern changes. To this end, this article will use Kang You to combine his thinking and clarify his separation and integration with traditional Confucianism in order to highlight his efforts to reform traditional Confucianism in order to meet the great changes in modern times.

1. The difference between humans and birds lies in wisdom: the wisdom of understanding the opening of the creation and influence

According to Kang Youyi’s self-report, the distinction between humans and birds is a breakthrough for him to change his value confidence and systematic wisdom. [3] The traditional discussion on humans and birds was first derived from “Mencius”. Mencius’s answer was to distinguish other people from humans and birds by benevolence and morality, and to establish the value of human morality. This has become the basic approach of traditional Confucianism, just like the treatment of Confucianism in the Song and Ming dynasties.

As a traditional scholar, Kang Youyou became a moral path familiar with traditional Confucianism, but did not abide by it. Instead, he examined the distinction between humans and birds from the perspective of the development of “human nature”. He wrote in “Teaching General”:

In the birth of human beings, their nature is good at distinguishing and their nature is good at thinking, only their wisdom. The birds and birds are stupid, and they don’t know each other or think. This is where people are different from birds. When a wise man is born, he is particularly good at distinguishing his nature and thinking his heart, but he is only a saint. The common biological arts are foolish, not discerning or thinking. The reason why a gentleman is different from that of a gentleman is here. However, if one is good at discerning and thinking, there must be differences at the beginning of human nature. There are five people living in groups, and the elders are in a different seat. This is the end of the ceremony, which is the vertebrae of the court. At the beginning of human nature, there must be something done. In winter, you live in a nest and in a cave in a summer. This is the development of the city walls and palaces. Burn millet and pigs, and simmer the earth drums, which are the right to eat, worship and chant. The sar wood is a boat, and the sar wood is a oar, which is the tallest time of flying wheels and big ships. The more you think, the more you distinguish. [4]

He believes that discernment and thinking are the separate places between humans and birds. Through discernment and thinking, through “different” and “work”, the “human nature” is created separately, and thus the “human nature” is established: “Teaching ethics and establishing ethics, and the production of things is established, and the two are established by human nature.” [5] Distinguishing and thinking continue to improve, and “human nature” has made progress, thus producing courthouses, cities, flying wheels, etc. Obviously, what he called “human nature” different from the use of social norms such as ethics and morality, but refers to all creations of human beings, which are comparable to modern concepts of civilization. [6] Because animals do not distinguish or think, they do not produce equality of “human nature”. Distinguishing and thinking are exactly the effectiveness of wisdom, so the difference between humans and birds lies in wisdom. He even 彩彩 used wisdom to divide saints, righteous people and gentlemen, overwriting the virtues of traditional Confucianism.

In “Kangzi’s Internal and External Chapter”, Kang Youwei can even deny the usefulness of traditional Confucianism in distinguishing humans and birds by virtue of virtue, and to establish the difference between humans and birds in wisdom:

Although, love for benevolence is not only the human heart, but also the birds and birds have their hearts. But what is the difference between humans and birds? He said: It is different from his wisdom. The more his wisdom is, the more he will be, the more his love is, the more profound his love is. Therefore, politics, religion, rituals, and articles are all derived from wisdom. [7]

Everyone has benevolence, righteousness, and